Guides
Peptides for Menopause: What Helps Weight, Sleep, Skin and Libido - and How They Pair With HRT
Peptides for menopause, ranked by evidence: no peptide treats menopause itself, but GLP-1 drugs, bone peptides, topical GHK-Cu and bremelanotide have data for the problems around it. What works, what has no evidence, and how each pairs with hormone therapy.
Published October 12, 2026 · 16 min read
Key takeaways
- No peptide treats menopause. Hormone therapy remains the most effective treatment for hot flashes, night sweats and the genitourinary syndrome of menopause and prevents bone loss and fracture; no peptide has been tested for any menopausal symptom.
- Peptides do have evidence for problems that cluster around menopause: GLP-1 drugs for midlife weight gain and visceral fat (postmenopausal women lost 23% of their body weight on tirzepatide in a SURMOUNT-1 analysis), and teriparatide and abaloparatide for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
- Sleep is where the marketing is furthest from the data: a GHRH analog did not change sleep quality in the one trial that enrolled older women, and GHRH impaired sleep in laboratory studies of women. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia has the trial evidence.
- Bremelanotide (PT-141) is approved for low desire in premenopausal women only and has no postmenopausal data; after menopause, transdermal testosterone has the randomized evidence. Topical GHK-Cu is a cosmetic with thin evidence.
- No interaction trials exist for sermorelin or bremelanotide with hormone therapy. GLP-1 drugs slow stomach emptying: a first dose of tirzepatide cut the peak level of an oral contraceptive estrogen by 59%, semaglutide did not change it, and no study has looked at the estradiol used in menopausal hormone therapy.
Start here: menopause is treated with hormones, not peptides
Searches for peptides for menopause have grown with the telehealth peptide market, and the honest first sentence is the one clinic pages leave out: no peptide treats menopause. None has been tested in a trial for hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, mood changes or the sleep disruption that comes with them.
The treatment that has been tested is menopausal hormone therapy. The 2022 position statement of the North American Menopause Society concludes that hormone therapy remains the most effective treatment for vasomotor symptoms and the genitourinary syndrome of menopause and that it prevents bone loss and fracture. For women under 60 or within ten years of menopause onset who have no contraindications, the benefit-risk ratio is favorable; for women who start later, the absolute risks of coronary heart disease, stroke, venous thromboembolism and dementia are greater; and for genitourinary symptoms alone, low-dose vaginal estrogen is recommended (NAMS 2022). A woman whose main problem is hot flashes, or sleep broken by night sweats, needs that conversation first.
What peptides can do is address problems that gather around menopause: weight gain and abdominal fat, bone loss, poor sleep, thinning skin and low desire. For some there is good evidence; for others none, and we say which is which. This is the menopause-specific companion to our peptides for women guide, with deeper dives in sermorelin for women and PT-141 for women.
How we ranked
Each goal was ranked on four things, in order: evidence in women at or after menopause (graded A to D as in our compound profiles), legal status in the United States as of October 2026 (approved drug, legally compoundable, or neither), safety, and cost. Popularity and what clinics sell did not count. Where the honest answer for a goal is a drug your gynecologist already prescribes, or nothing, the table says so.
The ranking
| Rank | Problem | What has evidence | Evidence in menopausal women | Legal status (US, October 2026) | Typical monthly cost | Verdict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Weight gain, visceral fat | Semaglutide 2.4 mg, tirzepatide | A: large RCTs, majority women; post hoc data by menopausal stage | Approved; compounded only for documented individual need | Brand $299 to $449; compounded $150 to $350 | The only peptides with strong evidence for midlife weight |
| 2 | Bone loss, osteoporosis | Teriparatide, abaloparatide | A: fracture-endpoint RCTs in postmenopausal women | Approved, ordinary prescriptions | Specialty pricing, usually insured for the labeled use | For diagnosed osteoporosis at high fracture risk, not for prevention |
| 3 | Libido | Bremelanotide (PT-141) before menopause; transdermal testosterone after | A for premenopausal HSDD, small effect; D after menopause | Approved (Vyleesi) and legally compoundable | $60 to $200 compounded | Not indicated after menopause |
| 4 | Skin | Topical GHK-Cu | C: small cosmetic studies, none in menopausal women | Legal as a cosmetic; injectable not compoundable | Serum prices | Low risk, low certainty |
| 5 | Sleep | None; sermorelin is sold for it | D: no benefit in the trial with women; impaired sleep in laboratory studies | Sermorelin is legally compoundable | $150 to $400 | CBT-I and treating night sweats have the evidence |
| 6 | Hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal symptoms | No peptide | D: never tested | Hormone therapy is the approved treatment | Varies | Peptides do not treat menopause |
1. Weight gain and visceral fat: semaglutide and tirzepatide
Weight gain and a shift of fat to the abdomen bring more midlife women to peptide clinics than anything else, and they are the one place where the best peptide is also the best-studied drug. STEP 1 enrolled 1,961 adults with obesity or overweight and no diabetes, 74% of them women, and 68 weeks of semaglutide 2.4 mg once a week produced a mean weight loss of 14.9% against 2.4% on placebo; 86% lost at least 5%, half lost at least 15%, and 4.5% stopped for gut symptoms (Wilding 2021). SURMOUNT-1 enrolled 2,539 adults, 68% women, and 72 weeks of tirzepatide at 5, 10 and 15 mg produced losses of 15.0%, 19.5% and 20.9% against 3.1% (Jastreboff 2022).
Do those numbers hold after menopause? For tirzepatide there is now an answer. A post hoc analysis of the SURMOUNT trials sorted the women by reproductive stage: in SURMOUNT-1, women on tirzepatide at 15 mg or the maximum tolerated dose lost 26% (premenopause), 23% (perimenopause) and 23% (postmenopause) of their body weight against 2% to 3% on placebo, waist circumference fell by 20 to 22 cm against 4 to 5 cm, and 97% to 98% of women in every group lost at least 5% against 29% to 33% on placebo (Tchang 2025). It is a company-authored secondary analysis, but the drug plainly works after menopause. For semaglutide, a retrospective Mayo Clinic cohort of 106 postmenopausal women found 12% to 16% total weight loss at 12 months (Hurtado 2024); we return to that study below because of what it found about hormone therapy.
No peptide targets menopausal belly fat specifically: the only visceral-fat trials belong to tesamorelin in HIV-associated lipodystrophy, and sermorelin has none (see the sermorelin profile). A GLP-1 drug shrinks the waist because it shrinks the weight.
Legal status and cost. Both drugs are approved; compounded copies are legal only for a documented individual need, and FDA sent 55 warning letters to telehealth companies in 2026 over their marketing. Wegovy is $349 a month ($199 for the first two fills for new patients), Zepbound $299 to $449 by dose, compounded semaglutide $150 to $350 and compounded tirzepatide $180 to $300; see the compounded semaglutide versus tirzepatide guide and the cost guide.
Who it is for: a woman with a BMI of 30 or more, or 27 or more with a weight-related condition, who expects long-term treatment and plans the protein and resistance training that limit lean-mass loss. A perimenopausal woman who could still conceive needs contraception: both labels say to stop when pregnancy is recognized, and tirzepatide reduces the absorption of oral contraceptives (Zepbound label).
2. Bone: teriparatide and abaloparatide
Bone loss accelerates around the final menstrual period, and hormone therapy started in the window prevents it (NAMS 2022). For a woman who already has osteoporosis at high fracture risk, two peptide drugs have fracture-endpoint trials; neither appears on a peptide-clinic menu because they are ordinary prescriptions.
Teriparatide, the first 34 amino acids of parathyroid hormone, was tested in 1,637 postmenopausal women with prior vertebral fractures: daily 20 microgram injections for a median of 21 months cut new vertebral fractures from 14% to 5% (relative risk 0.35) and new nonvertebral fragility fractures from 6% to 3% (relative risk 0.47), and raised spine bone density by 9 percentage points more than placebo, with occasional nausea and headache as the side effects (Neer 2001). Abaloparatide was tested in the ACTIVE trial of 2,463 postmenopausal women with a mean age of 69: 18 months of daily 80 micrograms reduced new vertebral and nonvertebral fractures compared with placebo, increased bone density at the hip, femoral neck and spine, and caused less hypercalcemia than open-label teriparatide (3.4% versus 6.4%) (Miller 2016).
Legal status and cost. Both are FDA-approved for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high fracture risk, and insurers generally cover them after a bone density scan or a fracture. No "bone peptide" sold online has data of this kind.
Who it is for: a postmenopausal woman with a DXA-confirmed diagnosis and a high fracture risk, under a clinician who sequences it with the other osteoporosis drugs; not a prevention product for a healthy 52-year-old.
3. Sleep: what GHRH does and does not do in women
Sermorelin, a growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) analog, is sold to menopausal women for deeper sleep more than for anything else. The evidence runs the other way.
The best treatment trial of a GHRH analog in older adults enrolled 10 women and 9 men aged 55 to 71 and gave them 16 weeks of nightly injections after 4 weeks of placebo. Growth hormone rose in both sexes, IGF-1 rose within two weeks and drifted back toward baseline by week 16, and skin thickness increased in both sexes. Everything else went to the men: lean body mass, insulin sensitivity, well-being and libido improved in men and not in women. Sleep quality, by questionnaire, "was unaffected in both genders," and the authors concluded that the analog "induced anabolic effects favoring men more than women" (Khorram 1997).
In the sleep laboratory the picture is worse than neutral. GHRH increases slow-wave sleep in young men, but an earlier study in women aged 19 to 76 found that it impaired sleep, and a follow-up in healthy young women, timed to the menstrual cycle, found that pulsed intravenous GHRH reduced REM sleep at the lower dose and stage 4 sleep at the higher dose; the authors wrote that the study "confirms that systemic GHRH impairs sleep in women" (Mathias 2007). Those are studies of the hormone itself rather than sermorelin trials, and that is the problem: no sermorelin trial has measured sleep objectively in women of any age. Grade B for raising growth hormone in women, D for sleep.
What does have evidence is cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). In the MsFLASH trial, 106 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women aged 40 to 65 with moderate insomnia and at least two hot flashes a day were randomized to six telephone sessions of CBT-I or of menopause education over eight weeks. Insomnia Severity Index scores fell 9.9 points with CBT-I against 4.7; 70% of the CBT-I group were in the no-insomnia range at eight weeks against 24%, and 84% against 43% at 24 weeks; hot flash frequency did not change, but how much the hot flashes interfered with daily life did (McCurry 2016). When night sweats are what wake a woman, hormone therapy treats the night sweats (NAMS 2022); when the insomnia has taken on a life of its own, CBT-I treats the insomnia. Sermorelin does neither; DSIP has no modern trials and was voted down by FDA's compounding committee in July 2026 (see the DSIP profile).
4. Skin: topical GHK-Cu
Estrogen loss changes skin, and copper peptide serums are marketed to that worry. GHK-Cu is a cosmetic ingredient, not a drug. A 2026 systematic evidence-mapping review found consistent laboratory data on collagen and matrix remodeling but concluded that the clinical evidence "remains sparse": the historical cosmetic reports are small or incompletely characterized, a 13-participant study after laser resurfacing was negative on every objective endpoint, and an 18-participant split-face study in 2026 reported better eyebrow appearance without defining what form of the peptide reached the skin (Mateescu 2026). None selected menopausal women, and the review calls GHK-Cu "promising but unproven."
Legal status. Topical GHK-Cu is legal as a cosmetic without drug claims. Injectable GHK-Cu came off FDA's Category 2 list in April 2026 but is not on the permitted compounding list, with committee review due by February 2027, so no glow protocol has a legal injectable form; see the GHK-Cu profile and the legal tracker.
Who it is for: a woman who wants a low-risk cosmetic and knows that a retinoid and sunscreen have far more evidence. Skin is not a reason to inject anything.
5. Libido: bremelanotide before menopause, testosterone after
Bremelanotide (PT-141) is the one peptide approved for low sexual desire, and the label draws a line through the middle of this guide's audience: Vyleesi is indicated for premenopausal women with acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), and its limitations of use state that it "is not indicated for the treatment of HSDD in postmenopausal women or in men" (Vyleesi label). Postmenopausal women were excluded from the two 24-week approval trials, no published study has tested the labeled 1.75 mg dose after menopause, and the label adds that safety and effectiveness have not been established in geriatric patients.
Before menopause, the effect is real and small: desire scores rose about 0.3 points more than placebo on a scale that runs from 1.2 to 6, distress fell by a similar amount, and the number of satisfying sexual events did not differ from placebo; 40% of women had nausea and 18% stopped for side effects against 2% on placebo (Vyleesi label). The dose limits, the blood pressure warning and the compounded versions are covered in PT-141 for women and the PT-141 profile.
After menopause, the option with randomized evidence is not a peptide. The 2019 global consensus statement on testosterone therapy for women, endorsed by eleven societies, concludes that testosterone at doses approximating premenopausal physiological concentrations improves sexual function in postmenopausal women with HSDD, adding an average of one satisfying sexual event a month over placebo; the side effects are mild acne and hair growth, oral testosterone is not recommended, and the recommendations do not extend to injectables, pellets or compounded preparations (Davis 2019). No female product is approved in the United States, so this means a fraction of a male gel with testosterone levels monitored. Flibanserin, a non-peptide pill, is now indicated for women under 65 regardless of menopausal status; PT-141 for women covers it.
How they pair with HRT
Most women who ask about peptides for menopause are on hormone therapy or deciding about it, and nobody has studied the combinations. Here is what the labels and the physiology say, and what a clinician would check.
GLP-1 drugs and oral estrogen. Both labels say that the drug delays gastric emptying and can therefore change the absorption of oral medications taken with it. The tirzepatide label goes further because the effect was measured: after a single 5 mg dose given with a combined oral contraceptive, the peak concentration of ethinyl estradiol fell by 59% and total exposure by 20%, with the peak delayed by 2.5 to 4.5 hours; the delay is largest after the first dose and diminishes with continued treatment, and the label tells women on oral contraceptives to switch to a non-oral method or add a barrier method for four weeks after starting and after each dose increase (Zepbound label). The semaglutide label reports a different result for its own molecule: in clinical pharmacology studies with semaglutide 1 mg there were no clinically significant changes in the exposure of ethinyl estradiol or levonorgestrel, although it still advises closer monitoring for oral drugs with a narrow therapeutic index (Wegovy label). Neither drug has been studied with the estradiol tablets used in menopausal hormone therapy, a different molecule at a different dose; a transient fall in absorption in the weeks after a dose step is the plausible concern. Patches, gels and vaginal estrogen do not pass through the stomach, so the question does not arise for them; it does apply to oral progesterone taken to protect the uterus.
The one clinical signal that hormone therapy and GLP-1s interact points the other way, and it is favorable: in the Mayo Clinic cohort of 106 postmenopausal women on semaglutide, the 16 women on hormone therapy lost 16% of their body weight at 12 months against 12% in the 90 who were not, a difference that survived adjustment for confounders; the authors call for larger studies, and a 16-woman subgroup in a chart review is a hypothesis, not a result (Hurtado 2024).
Sermorelin and hormone therapy. No interaction trial exists, and no sermorelin trial in menopausal women exists at all. The practical point is a laboratory one: oral estrogen lowers IGF-1, the blood test sermorelin is monitored with, through its first-pass effect on the liver, while transdermal estrogen does not. A woman on an estradiol tablet will read low on an IGF-1 panel for a reason that has nothing to do with her pituitary, and a clinician who prescribes sermorelin to fix it is treating an artifact; the detail and the source are in sermorelin for women.
Bremelanotide and hormone therapy. No interaction study exists, the drug is not indicated after menopause, and its own label says it may slow gastric emptying and reduce the absorption of oral drugs taken alongside it (Vyleesi label).
Bone drugs and hormone therapy. A sequencing question rather than an interaction. Hormone therapy started in the window prevents bone loss and fracture on its own (NAMS 2022); teriparatide and abaloparatide are for established osteoporosis at high fracture risk, and the order is a specialist's decision made with a DXA scan.
What a clinician would check before combining any of these with hormone therapy:
- Which estrogen, by which route, and whether the progestogen is oral. Tablets raise the absorption question with GLP-1s and bremelanotide and the IGF-1 question with sermorelin; patches, gels and vaginal estrogen raise neither.
- The timing of any symptom change. Hot flashes or bleeding that change in the weeks after a GLP-1 start or dose step deserve a question about absorption before the hormone dose is changed; slowing the titration is a reasonable first move.
- Blood pressure before bremelanotide and periodically after; the label contraindicates it in uncontrolled hypertension and known cardiovascular disease.
- A baseline IGF-1 read with the estrogen route in mind before sermorelin, and a repeat at 8 to 12 weeks.
- A DXA scan before any bone drug, and a fracture-risk conversation about hormone therapy for a woman in the window.
- Pregnancy in perimenopause. Irregular cycles are not contraception; GLP-1 labels say to stop when pregnancy is recognized, tirzepatide reduces oral contraceptive absorption, and the bremelanotide label requires effective contraception.
What we excluded and why
- "Menopause stacks" sold online. The bundles marketed for menopause usually combine a growth hormone secretagogue (CJC-1295 with ipamorelin, or sermorelin), a skin peptide (GHK-Cu, sometimes BPC-157) and occasionally kisspeptin or epitalon, in vials labeled for research use. No trial has tested any such combination, and as of October 2026 no licensed pharmacy may compound CJC-1295, ipamorelin, BPC-157, injectable GHK-Cu, kisspeptin or epitalon. A stack that cannot be compounded is a set of research vials with a menopause label on the listing; see the legal tracker and our GLOW and KLOW stack review.
- Sermorelin for hot flashes or hormone balancing. No trial and no mechanism; it raises growth hormone, not estrogen.
- CJC-1295 and ipamorelin. No female data worth the name, voted down by FDA's advisory committee in late 2024, no legal supply; see the profile.
- Kisspeptin. Investigational, given by intravenous infusion in small brain-imaging studies; not a product anyone can prescribe.
- DSIP, MOTS-c, epitalon, AOD-9604 and the longevity peptides. No trials in women with outcomes that matter and no legal supply.
- Collagen peptides and NAD+. A food supplement and a non-peptide, sold alongside peptides and reviewed elsewhere on this site.
How to get it
- Start with the menopause evaluation. Hot flashes, broken sleep and weight gain are three problems with three treatments, and the hormone-therapy decision comes first because it changes the other two.
- Use a clinician licensed in your state who manages the hormones and the peptide or GLP-1 on the same chart, with the labs each needs: glucose for a GLP-1, a DXA scan for a bone drug, blood pressure for bremelanotide, IGF-1 for sermorelin.
- Ask which pharmacy fills it and on what basis. The GLP-1s and bone drugs are ordinary prescriptions; sermorelin and bremelanotide come from a named, state-licensed 503A pharmacy. A research vial is not a prescription.
- Price the first three months with the cost guide and compare providers in the clinic directory.
- Agree on a stopping rule: eight weeks without benefit for bremelanotide, a repeat IGF-1 at 8 to 12 weeks for sermorelin, a weight and side-effect review at each GLP-1 dose step.
Bottom line
Peptides for menopause is the wrong frame, and the right one is simple. Hormone therapy treats menopause. GLP-1 drugs treat the weight gain around it and work after menopause as well as before. Teriparatide and abaloparatide treat osteoporosis once it exists. Bremelanotide treats low desire before menopause only; afterward, testosterone has the evidence. Topical GHK-Cu is a cosmetic bet with weak evidence. Sermorelin raises growth hormone in women and, in the one trial that looked, delivered its benefits to the men and nothing to anyone's sleep. None of it has been studied with hormone therapy, which is a reason to have one clinician read the whole chart, not a reason to skip the hormones.
Frequently asked questions
+Can peptides help with menopause?
No peptide treats menopause. None has been tested for hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness or menopausal mood and sleep changes; menopausal hormone therapy is the most effective treatment for vasomotor and genitourinary symptoms and prevents bone loss, with a favorable benefit-risk balance for most women under 60 or within ten years of menopause. Peptides can help with problems that overlap with menopause: GLP-1 drugs for weight gain and visceral fat, teriparatide or abaloparatide for diagnosed osteoporosis, and bremelanotide for low desire before menopause only.
+What is the best peptide for perimenopause?
For weight, a GLP-1 drug: tirzepatide produced 23% weight loss in perimenopausal women in a SURMOUNT-1 analysis, against 3% on placebo. For low desire, bremelanotide is approved as long as a woman is still premenopausal. For hot flashes, sleep and mood in perimenopause, no peptide has evidence; hormone therapy and, for insomnia, cognitive behavioral therapy do. Perimenopausal women can still conceive, and GLP-1 drugs must be stopped when pregnancy is recognized; tirzepatide also reduces the absorption of oral contraceptives.
+Does sermorelin help with menopause?
There is no sermorelin trial in menopausal women and no trial of any growth hormone secretagogue for menopausal symptoms. The one placebo-controlled GHRH-analog trial that enrolled older women found that growth hormone rose in both sexes but lean mass, insulin sensitivity, well-being and libido improved only in the men, and sleep quality did not change in either sex. Sermorelin raises growth hormone, not estrogen, and does nothing for hot flashes. It can be legally compounded and costs $150 to $400 a month.
+Can you take peptides with HRT?
There are no interaction trials of sermorelin or bremelanotide with menopausal hormone therapy, so the honest answer is that nobody has checked. The known issue is with oral hormones: GLP-1 drugs and bremelanotide slow stomach emptying and can change the absorption of oral medications, and oral estrogen lowers IGF-1, the lab used to monitor sermorelin. Transdermal and vaginal estrogen avoid both problems. A clinician who manages the hormones and the peptide together, and checks the route of the estrogen, is the practical safeguard.
+Do GLP-1 drugs work after menopause?
Yes. In a post hoc analysis of SURMOUNT-1, postmenopausal women on tirzepatide at 15 mg or the maximum tolerated dose lost 23% of their body weight over 72 weeks against 3% on placebo, the same as perimenopausal women (23%) and close to premenopausal women (26%), and 97% to 98% of women in every group lost at least 5%. A retrospective cohort of 106 postmenopausal women on semaglutide found 12% to 16% weight loss at 12 months.
+Does semaglutide or tirzepatide interfere with estrogen?
With oral estrogen, possibly, and only tirzepatide has been measured. After a first 5 mg dose given with a combined oral contraceptive, the peak level of ethinyl estradiol fell 59% and total exposure 20%; the effect is largest after the first dose and fades, and the label advises a non-oral or barrier contraceptive for four weeks after starting and after each dose increase. Semaglutide 1 mg did not change ethinyl estradiol exposure in the label's pharmacology studies. Neither drug has been tested with the estradiol used in hormone therapy, and patches, gels and vaginal estrogen bypass the stomach altogether.
+Which peptide helps with menopause belly fat?
A GLP-1 drug, by reducing total weight: in the SURMOUNT-1 analysis, postmenopausal women on tirzepatide lost 20 cm of waist circumference against 4 cm on placebo. No peptide targets menopausal visceral fat specifically. Tesamorelin reduces visceral fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy and has no trials in menopausal women; sermorelin has no visceral-fat data in anyone; AOD-9604 and MOTS-c have no trials in women with outcomes that matter and no legal supply.
+Is PT-141 approved for postmenopausal women?
No. Vyleesi is approved for premenopausal women with acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder, and the label states that it is not indicated for HSDD in postmenopausal women or in men. Postmenopausal women were excluded from the approval trials, and no published study has tested the labeled dose after menopause. For a postmenopausal woman with distressing low desire, the 2019 global consensus supports transdermal testosterone at doses that reproduce premenopausal levels, which adds about one satisfying sexual event a month over placebo.
+Do peptides help with menopause sleep problems?
No peptide has evidence for sleep in menopausal women, and growth hormone-releasing hormone, the hormone sermorelin mimics, impaired sleep in laboratory studies of women and did not change sleep quality in the one treatment trial that enrolled older women. What works is cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: in a trial of 106 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with hot flashes, six telephone sessions cut insomnia scores by 9.9 points against 4.7 with menopause education, and 70% were free of insomnia at eight weeks against 24%. When night sweats are the cause, hormone therapy treats the night sweats.
Sources
- GuidelineThe 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society Advisory Panel. The 2022 hormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause 2022;29:767-94. (2022)
- StudyWilding JPH et al. Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity (STEP 1). N Engl J Med 2021;384:989-1002. (2021)
- StudyJastreboff AM et al. Tirzepatide once weekly for the treatment of obesity (SURMOUNT-1). N Engl J Med 2022;387:205-16. (2022)
- StudyTchang BG et al. Body weight reduction in women treated with tirzepatide by reproductive stage: a post hoc analysis from the SURMOUNT program. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2025;33:851-60. (2025)
- StudyHurtado MD et al. Weight loss response to semaglutide in postmenopausal women with and without hormone therapy use. Menopause 2024;31:266-74. (2024)
- LabelEli Lilly. ZEPBOUND (tirzepatide) injection prescribing information (drug interactions, oral hormonal contraceptives, pregnancy), current as of 2026. DailyMed. (2026)
- LabelNovo Nordisk. WEGOVY (semaglutide) injection and tablets prescribing information (drug interactions, oral medications), revised 2026. DailyMed. (2026)
- StudyNeer RM et al. Effect of parathyroid hormone (1-34) on fractures and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1434-41. (2001)
- StudyMiller PD et al. Effect of abaloparatide vs placebo on new vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a randomized clinical trial (ACTIVE). JAMA 2016;316:722-33. (2016)
- StudyKhorram O, Laughlin GA, Yen SS. Endocrine and metabolic effects of long-term administration of [Nle27]GHRH-(1-29)-NH2 in age-advanced men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:1472-9. (1997)
- StudyMathias S et al. Systemic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) impairs sleep in healthy young women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2007;32:1021-7. (2007)
- StudyMcCurry SM et al. Telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms: a MsFLASH randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 2016;176:913-20. (2016)
- ReviewMateescu DM et al. GHK-Cu as a bioactive metallopeptide and drug-delivery cargo: coordination chemistry, formulation science, therapeutic evidence, and a translational roadmap (systematic evidence-mapping review). Pharmaceutics 2026;18:1077. (2026)
- LabelCosette Pharmaceuticals. VYLEESI (bremelanotide injection) prescribing information, revised March 2024. DailyMed. (2024)
- GuidelineDavis SR et al. Global consensus position statement on the use of testosterone therapy for women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019;104:4660-6. (2019)
Written by
The Peptide Doctrine Editorial Team
Our editors write from primary sources — peer-reviewed studies, FDA documents and pharmacy records — and grade every claim by the strength of its evidence. See our editorial policy for how articles are researched, reviewed and updated.
Disclosure. The Peptide Doctrine is an independent editorial project. It currently has no sponsor and runs no advertising: we accept no payment for reviews, rankings or placements, we run no affiliate links, and we do not sell or link to "research-use" peptide vendors. Content is educational and is not medical advice.
Related
Guides
Best Peptides for Women: Weight, Skin, Sleep, Libido & Menopause
Peptides for women ranked by evidence and legality: GLP-1 drugs for weight, teriparatide and abaloparatide for bone, bremelanotide for libido, topical GHK-Cu for skin, and the honest verdict on sleep, menopause and hair, with pregnancy warnings, costs and how to get a prescription.
Updated Oct 12, 2026 · 15 min read
Guides
Sermorelin for Women: Menopause, Sleep, Body Composition
Sermorelin for women, from the trials rather than the clinic page: growth hormone rose in women but the body-composition, well-being and libido gains went to men, sleep did not improve, and menopause, skin and 'hormone balancing' have no data. Doses, who should not use it, what to monitor.
Updated Oct 12, 2026 · 8 min read
Guides
PT-141 for Women: Evidence for Low Desire, Dosing, Side Effects
PT-141 for women, from the Vyleesi label and the RECONNECT trials: approved for premenopausal women with low desire, a 0.35-point gain on a 1.2-to-6 desire scale, no change in satisfying sexual events, 40% nausea, no data after menopause, label dosing limits, compounded versions and alternatives.
Updated Oct 12, 2026 · 8 min read
Compounds
Sermorelin: Benefits, Dosage, Side Effects & Where to Get It Prescribed (2026)
What sermorelin does, what the human studies actually found, the doses that were studied versus what clinics prescribe, side effects, its real legal status in the US, what it costs, and how to get it prescribed safely.
Updated Oct 12, 2026 · 14 min read